Race and Ethnicity

Racial and ethnic background has profound effects on an individual’s health primarily because of the different social and economic experiences – advantages and disadvantages – that go along with race and ethnicity. Although it is no longer legal to discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity, the legacy of racial inequality and residential segregation has left members of disadvantaged racial or ethnic groups more heavily concentrated in resource-poor neighborhoods, with powerful adverse influences on health (see Community).  

News and Events

  • Washington Post: Poverty Rate Held Steady Last Year, Census Says

    August 27, 2008

    The nation's poverty rate held steady as median household income edged upward last year, according to annual census data released yesterday. The number of children in poverty increased by 500,000 to 13.3 million. Read More

  • AHIP Coverage: Creating the Conditions for Health

    July 31, 2008

    Some factors that play a major role in a population’s health transcend the system itself. A new $5 million project by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, called the Commission to Build a Healthier America, is focused on analyzing and making policy recommendations about factors outside “health care” that affect how long and how well Americans live. Read More

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Perspectives

  • Stories

    Marsha Basloe

    Marsha has spent most of her professional career in the field of education but it took decades to reach the conclusion that early childhood development—the years before elementary school—is the key to it all. Meet Marsha Basloe

     

    Tina Evans

    When Tina first began taking her daughter to the Durham, N.C., YMCA, the goal was to improve Kieria’s grades. Tina, who works full-time in hospital admissions, tried to help Kieria herself. "But we needed somebody outside the family to help her get on track," says Tina, explaining that parents often have trouble filling the role of tutor. In short order, Kieria’s Cs in math and reading became As and Bs. Meet Tina Evans

     

    More Stories

  • Leadership Blog

    An Unprecedented Reversal

    by Alice M. Rivlin, Co-Chair
    May 22, 2008

    A recent study documents an unprecedented reversal over the past few decades in Americans’ life expectancy. For the first time in nearly a century, rather than increasing, life expectancy for women declined in 180 of the nation’s 3,000-plus counties. Read More

    Timely Moment to Seek Solutions

    by David R. Williams, Ph.D., Staff Director
    April 21, 2008

    Solutions to the complex problem of improving health and reducing health disparities will not be simple, but this is a uniquely opportune time to seek them. Widespread recognition – by business, government, and the general public – that medical care costs must be brought under control creates a sense of urgency. Pervasive concerns about global economic competitiveness add to pressures not only to reduce medical care costs but to have a healthier and thus more economically productive workforce. Read More

    Enabling America to Reach its Full Health Potential

    by Mark McClellan, Co-Chair
    February 28, 2008

    Improving health by improving education, housing, job opportunities, and neighborhoods sounds like an enormous undertaking. But I am engaged in this Commission because I am convinced, now more than ever, that there are promising solutions that exist out there. Read More

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Resources

  • Life Expectancy: Where You Live Matters

    In Wake County, home to the state capital of Raleigh, N.C., the average life expectancy is 78.1 years. In Robeson County--just three counties away--life expectancy is 6.6 years less. But early childhood development programs in North Carolina are increasing the chances of living longer and healthier lives.

  • Overcoming Obstacles to Health

    This RWJF report to the Commission provides evidence describing the current health profile of Americans looking specifically at how income, education, and race and ethnicity play a role in Americans’ health.

    See the Report

  • Health Varies by Income and Across Racial or Ethnic Groups

    Lower income generally means worse health. Racial or ethnic differences in health status are also evident: Poor or fair health is much more common among black and Hispanic adults than among white adults.

  • Income Is Linked with Health Regardless of Racial or Ethnic Group

    Differences in health status by income do not simply reflect differences by race or ethnicity; differences in health can be seen within each racial or ethnic group. Both income and racial or ethnic group matter.

More Resources